Hypercalcaemia

Problem based review: The patient with hypercalcaemia

Trainee Section, Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages 97 - 144 (2015)

Hypercalcaemia is a common problem which may present to the Acute Medical Unit. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and malignancy are the commonest causes of hypercalcaemia, accounting for over 90% of cases. Assessment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is key to determining whether hypercalcaemia is parathyroid-mediated. Initial systematic assessment and adequate rehydration are important to help make the underlying diagnosis and determine longer-term management. The medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism not requiring surgery, with Cinacalcet is highlighted.

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An Unusual Cause of Septicaemia

Case Reports, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 1 - 64 (2011)

Abstract

Splenic infarction occurs when occlusion of splenic vasculature leads to ischemia, and subsequent tissue necrosis. It is a rare condition. Most patients have an underlying haematological or malignant process or a potential source of embolism. This article describes a patient who presented with unexplained sepsis to the acute medical unit; investigation revealed a splenic abscess and primary hyperparathyroidism, but no evidence of an underlying cause.

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A Challenging Case of Malignant Hypercalcaemia

Clinical Reviews, Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 1 - 40 (2006)

The investigation and management of patients presenting with hypercalcaemia is not always straightforward. We describe the case of a middleaged man presenting with severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia. The difficulties encountered here - in striving for biochemical and symptom control, and in establishing a definite diagnosis - are fortunately rare. The case illustrates the range of options in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia, and highlights the use of haemodialysis in treatmentresistant cases.

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A guide to the initial management of hypercalcaemia

Clinical Reviews, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 75 - 107 (2003)

Abstract

With the widespread use of multiple channel biochemical auto analysers hypercalcaemia has become a common incidental finding. The approach to managing a patient with hypercalcaemia requires an understanding of the principles of calcium homeostasis, knowledge of the potential differential diagnoses and the clinical judgement to know when therapy is appropriate. This article aims to provide a guide to the initial investigation and management of patients presenting with hypercalcaemia.

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