Volume 1 Issue 1, Pages 1 – 32 (2002)

Endocrine emergencies

Abstract

Endocrine emergencies are uncommon and require a high index of suspicion if they are to be managed appropriately. This is especially pertinent to physicians accepting emergency admissions to hospital. Treatment needs to be started prior to diagnostic confirmation. We outline the management of the following conditions that may present acutely: Thyroid emergencies - Myxoedema coma - Thyroid Storm Pituitary apoplexy Phaeochromocytoma crisis Acute adrenocortical insufficiency.

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Fever in the returned traveller

Abstract

The diagnosis of fever in the returned traveller is an important challenge to the physician. An accurate travel history and knowledge of the incubation period of common diseases is required to assess the risk of infection with a specific infectious agent. Although many febrile illnesses are benign and self-limiting, failure to diagnose malaria and enteric fevers may have disastrous consequences. All patients returning with fever should have thick and thin blood films for malaria and blood cultures performed. Other haematological and biochemical tests are useful in identifying a group of patients in whom empirical anti-microbial therapy is indicated. Thought must be given to the isolation of patients and notification of certain suspected or proven diseases to the local Consultant for Communicable Disease Control. Preventative measures in those likely to travel again should be discussed.

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Acute renal failure

Abstract

The majority of cases of acute renal failure (ARF)occur in hospital, most commonly due to acute tubule necrosis caused by multiple nephrotoxic insults, particularly hypovolaemia, hypotension and nephrotoxic drugs. In- hospital ARF carries a high mortality rate, and every attempt should be made to identify at-risk patients and prevent its development by suitable hydration and avoidance of nephrotoxins. Out-of-hospital ARF typically presents as single organ disease, and, if the cause is readily identified and treated, often carries a good prognosis. ARF diagnoses that require specific treatment, particularly urinary tract obstruction and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,must not be missed. The immediate priority for all patients with ARF is to make them safe from potentially life-threatening metabolic sequelae, with early referral to a nephrologist in case acute dialysis becomes necessary.

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Spinal cord compression

Abstract

Compression of the spinal cord may present to general physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists or, if radicular pain is mistaken for intra-abdominal pathology, general surgeons. The causes of spinal cord dysfunction are diverse and range from anterior spinal artery ischaemia through a range of inflammatory insults to structural compressive pathology. The purpose of this article is to discuss the diagnosis of spinal cord compression, how to localise it clinically and how best to manage it.

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An unusual cause of psoas abscess

Abstract

This case study reports an uncommon cause of psoas abscess, a complication of pancreatic pseudocyst in a 75 years old man. A few other causes of psoas abscess and some complications of pancreatic pseudocyst are touched upon in this report,and management options in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts have been enumerated.

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Editorial Volume 1 Issue 1

As you can see, the title of the Journal has changed and this is intended to emphasize its educational direction. It will continue to commission articles covering general medical topics with a particular emphasis on the management of acute medical emergencies, aiming to reflect the challenges that face those physicians responsible for supporting the acute medical intake. The CME component will continue,so helping to facilitate the accumulation of CPD points in General Medicine.

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