Volume 11

Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus as a cause for prolonged delirium: an under-diagnosed phenomenon?

Abstract

Delirium is a common cause for acute hospital admissions. There are many potential causes for this presentation, including infection, polypharmacy and metabolic disorders. We present the case of a patient with hyponatraemia and prolonged delirium, in whom the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) was made following electroencephalography (EEG).

Please subscribe to see more.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus as a cause for prolonged delirium: an under-diagnosed phenomenon? Read More

Euglycemic ketoacidosis as a cause of a metabolic acidosis in the Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Euglycaemic ketoacidosis is a rare endocrine emergency, which can have disastrous consequences if left undiagnosed. We present the case of a 57 year old man with type 2 diabetes who developed ketoacidosis (DKA) following a myocardial infarction, despite being normoglycaemic, following discontinuation of his insulin infusion in an intensive care setting. The case highlights the importance of capillary ketone body testing in this scenario as well as the dangers of an over reliance on blood glucose values in the diagnosis of ketoacidosis. The notion that DKA can occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is reaffirmed and the value of adequate insulin therapy in euglycaemic ketoacidosis is emphasized.

Please subscribe to see more.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Euglycemic ketoacidosis as a cause of a metabolic acidosis in the Intensive Care Unit Read More

An Effective System to Measure and Report Quality Indicators in Acute Medical Units

Abstract

The Society for Acute Medicine has developed a number of clinical quality indicators by which all UK Acute Medicine Units can bench mark their activity. These will help to ensure high quality care for patients, inform the continuing development of acute medical services and demonstrate the positive impact of this new speciality. Prospective collection of these data may be a challenge for many busy units. This paper describes a local solution developed in house in a North East hospital. It demonstrates how the data collected can be analysed to assess the effect of changes in consultant presence on the unit and also time taken for patients to be seen by a doctor. The limitations of the system and potential for future development are considered.

Please subscribe to see more.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

An Effective System to Measure and Report Quality Indicators in Acute Medical Units Read More

Shared Experiences of Consultant Delivered Care – A toolkit for those responsible for configuring consultant delivered care in Acute Medicine

Abstract

Background: NHS London released commissioning standards for Adult emergency services in September 2011. The Pan-London Acute Medicine Network (PLAN) agreed to survey its members regarding these standards.

Method: A web-based survey asked PLAN members to comment on the standards which were most relevant to Consultant-delivered care in Acute Medicine. The self-reported rate of compliance with each standard was calculated. The free text comments were grouped by thematic analysis.

Results: 23 responses were received. The compliance with each standard was variable between 9% and 91%.

Discussion: A series of themes are discussed and presented as tips to be considered by those responsible for providing Consultant-delivered care to patients on an AMU.

Conclusion: There is still enormous variation between trusts in how acute medical services are supported by Consultant physicians. The demands on each service and the resources available to trusts differ hugely, therefore the solutions to providing a Consultant-led service need to be tailor made for each AMU.

Please subscribe to see more.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Shared Experiences of Consultant Delivered Care – A toolkit for those responsible for configuring consultant delivered care in Acute Medicine Read More

Profiling the medical admissions of the homeless

Abstract

Aim: to describe the characteristics and outcomes of homeless people admitted to our Internal Medicine service in St. James’s Hospital, Dublin (Ireland), between 2002 and 2011.

Methods: we interrogated an anonymized in-patient database.

Results: there were 1,460 homeless admissions (623 unique patients; 39% admitted more than once). Most patients were young, male, and had low comorbidity levels. Thirty-seven percent of the admissions were alcohol-related and 27% substance abuse-related. Thirteen percent had an active psychiatric illness. Their in-patient mortality rate was 5%. Seventy two percent were discharged without the residential arrangement being explicitly documented, 15% self-discharged or absconded, and 8% were discharged to a residential facility.

Conclusion: results are novel in our context and will be relevant for local policy and practice.

Please subscribe to see more.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Profiling the medical admissions of the homeless Read More

Editorial

This time last year, I was contemplating the predictions of Nostradamus, the possibility of a ‘barbeque summer’, and the hope that an Olympic ‘feel good factor’ would find its way onto the AMU. Longterm predictions are as tough for clinicians as they are for weathermen and 14th century apothecaries, but even looking a few days into the future can be difficult. In some ways it is the unpredictability of acute medicine which provides our biggest challenges: risk scores, early warning scores, and discharge prediction tools attempt to add some science to the subjectivity of clinical assessment. Every scientific meeting seems to feature a new biomarker, promising to eliminate uncertainty and improve accuracy, but probably opening a few cans of worms in the process. None of us has a crystal ball; recognising uncertainty – and communicating this to our patients – is a key skill which we all need to develop.

The challenge of delivering a high quality acute medicine service, 7 days a week, has been a major theme for 2012. Many readers will already have read the ‘Toolkit’ for delivery of a 7 day consultant service on the AMU, produced by the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) in association with SAM. This can be downloaded from the SAM website (www.acutemedicine.org.uk) along with the AMU Quality Standards which were released earlier in the summer. The article by Hannah Skene and David Ward on p205 complements these two documents, highlighting some of the practicalities in implementing quality standards across the 7 day week. This paper also comments on best ward round practice, a topic which has been the subject of some combined work by the RCP and Royal College of Nursing this year, and which provided the subject of the ‘best poster’, awarded to John Soon at this year’s SAM Autumn conference. The abstract from this presentation is included in the ‘selected abstracts’ article on p217.

During the summer I had the privilege to represent SAM at a reception organised by SepsisUK to co-incide with World Sepsis Day. The event featured some powerful, and moving talks from patients and relatives affected by sepsis, portraying the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for this devastating condition. Case reports in this journal over the past 10 years have demonstrated how often acute physicians are faced with atypical presentations of infection; this is particularly true for older patients as demonstrated in the cases on p 226. Ron Daniels’ ‘viewpoint’ article emphasises the important role which acute physicians have in recognising the signs of sepsis, ensuring early treatment and escalation to higher dependency areas where necessary. For patients who do not fall into any other clear cut speciality category during the first 48 hours of their hospital stay, acute physicians must provide the leadership and continuity of care which are essential in ensuring a good outcome.

January is a busy time on the AMU, so wishing you all a ‘Happy New Year’ may seem inappropriate to some readers. As I mentioned at the top of this editorial, my track record in prediction has not been good lately; however I hope it’s a fairly safe bet to suggest that – no matter how hard these next few weeks may get – the months which follow will probably be a whole lot easier!

Editorial Read More

24 hour availability of echocardiography in Acute Medicine: time to get out of our ‘silos’!

Dear Sir,

I read with interest the article by Ravikirti et al in the recent edition of Acute Medicine. The authors rightly highlight the potential for atypical presentations of tamponade following cardiac surgery, which has been reported previously. The investigation of any acutely unwell patient presenting after cardiac surgery should include some form of cardiac imaging. In the cases described the diagnosis was delayed, in part, due to the lack of an echocardiography service out-of-hours.

24 hour availability of echocardiography in Acute Medicine: time to get out of our ‘silos’! Read More

Problem based review: Pleuritic Chest Pain

Abstract

Pleuritic pain, a sharp discomfort near the chest wall exacerbated by inspiration is associated with a number of pathologies. Pulmonary embolus and infection are two common causes but diagnosis can often be challenging, both for experienced physicians and trainees. The underlying anatomy and pathophysiology of such pain and the most common aetiologies are presented. Clinical symptoms and signs that may arise alongside pleuritic pain are then discussed, followed by an introduction to the diagnostic tools such as the Wells’ score and current guidelines that can help to select the most appropriate investigation(s).

Management of pulmonary embolism and other common causes of pleuritic pain are also discussed and highlighted by a clinical vignette.

Please subscribe to see more.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Problem based review: Pleuritic Chest Pain Read More

Trainee Update

We hope that you have enjoyed the summer and the rare moments of sunshine! Now that you are settling into your new jobs since the recent changeover, we hoped you were able to make use of the extended trainee early bird discount for the October SAM conference in Manchester. If you have not yet booked spaces are still available and it’s a great way to meet new people and keep updated!

Trainee Update Read More

Shopping Basket
Scroll to Top