Aim: We sought to characterise the syndrome of isolated paracetamol-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), whose incidence and mechanisms are poorly understood.
Methods: Using systematic review methodology, fifty-six papers relating to paracetamol-induced AKI were identified.
Results: 24 cases of isolated paracetamol-induced AKI were identified and compared to 87 identified cases of concurrent renal and hepatic injury.
Paracetamol-induced AKI became detectable 3-4 days after exposure; liver injury, where it occurred, preceded AKI detection by 1 day.
Risk factors affecting hepatotoxicity risk do not appear to influence isolated AKI, with no clear associated factors except younger age (mean 18.8 versus 33.1 years).
Conclusions: Isolated paracetamol-induced AKI appears commoner in younger patients. Paracetamol-induced AKI occurs late and may go undetected by current treatment guidelines.

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