respiratory failure

An ‘Acute’ Presentation of Motor Neuron Disease

Abstract

Motor neurone disease (MND) is a chronic condition which presents mainly in the seventh and eighth decades. It classically presents with a mixture of upper and lower motor neurone features, with a predilection for the limb muscles as the presenting feature. The case report outlined below describes acute respiratory failure requiring non invasive ventilation (NIV), at the time of diagnosis of MND. It highlights the need for the acute physician to be vigilant in the differing forms of presentation of this condition and its subsequent diagnosis and management.

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The Role of Invasive Ventilation in Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Causing Respiratory Failure.

Abstract

Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can usually be managed initially with medical treatment and non- invasive ventilation. In circumstances where non- invasive ventilation cannot be used or has failed, intubation and invasive ventilation may be lifesaving. The outcome of patients with an exacerbation of COPD requiring invasive ventilation is better than often thought, with a hospital survival of 70-89%. Decisions regarding invasive ventilation made by physicians and patients with COPD are unpredictable and vary with the individual. This article reviews the role of invasive ventilation in exacerbations of COPD to assist decision making.

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