Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 61 – 104 (2008)

Inclusion body myositis a clinical review with illustrative case report

Every acute physician has come across elderly patients presenting with muscle weakness and falls. Distinction between normal age related muscle wasting and pathological muscle atrophy can be difficult. It is important for acute physicians to be aware of the differential diagnosis of such a presentation. Inclusion body myositis(IBM) is the most common type of acquired myopathy above the age of 50.1 This article aims to highlight the diagnosis and management of this chronic illness. It is frequently misdiagnosed as polymyositis and wrongly treated with steroids.3 The typical symptoms and signs are illustrated by a recent case which presented to our department (see box 1).

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Acquired haemophilia – A diagnosis not to be missed

Acquired haemophilia is a rare , life threatening bleeding disorder characterised by the development of auto-antibodies to coagulation factor VIII. Diagnosis is based upon the clinical history of mucocutaneous haemorrhages combined with a selective prolongation of the APTT. The condition is associated with a wide range of conditions, such as autoimmune diseases , solid and haematological malignancies. Treatment involves controlling the bleeding manifestations and eliminating the inhibitor antibodies. Three cases from our recent practice are used to highlight the variable severity of this condition.

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Managing Pleural Disease in Acute Medicine (II): Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Spontaneous pneumothoraces occur in individuals who have not experienced antecedent thoracic trauma. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in otherwise healthy individuals with no clinically apparent lung disease, whereas secondary pneumothorax is a consequence of an underlying lung disease. This review focuses on their management in the acute medical setting. The specific issues of simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage, who can be discharged home safely, and when to refer to a respiratory physician are addressed. In addition, recent developments in the management of pneumothorax are presented.

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Editorial

Whether acute medicine registrars should have the opportunity to acquire a procedural skill during their training has been the subject of considerable debate over recent years. The issue often dominates discussion amongst trainees and trainers alike at national meetings; exchanges are frequently heated and prolonged, highlighting the strength of feeling on all sides regarding the challenges which this creates. So the inclusion of three articles relating to this subject within this edition of Acute Medicine is not in any way disproportionate. In the past, much of the debate has centred on the concept of the ‘Sanity Session’ – the idea being that specialist acute physicians might need some clinical activity outside the acute arena to help prevent ‘burnout’. The three articles in this edition focus more specifi – cally on the issue of bedside investigation in the clinical setting. Many of us will recognise the scenario of the acutely unwell, hypotensive patient, for whom an urgent echocardiogram or ultrasound would enable great strides towards a diagnosis. Extracting a radiologist or cardiologist from their respective departments often requires a talent for negotiation of which a member of the Diplomatic Corps would be proud. Access to the equipment and possession of the necessary skills to undertake such procedures at the bedside would be a great asset for any Acute Medical Unit. While some units are undoubtedly already making great strides in this direction, this often results from the enthusiasm of individuals, many of whom have been trained in other specialities before moving to Acute Medicine. The statement from the British Society of Echocardiography on p95 should be viewed as an important step in identifying a level of training in which is feasible for trainees in acute medicine. The Royal College of Radiologists has also recently produced recommendations for training in ultrasound, which is described in detail by John Lorains; Mark Mallet also highlights some of the practical challenges which may arise in establishing an acute medical ultrasound service.

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