Introduction
The number of people aged over 60 years worldwide is projected to rise from 605 million in 2000 to almost 2 billion by 2050, while those over 80 years will quadruple to 395 million. Two-thirds of UK acute hospital admissions are over 65, the highest consultation rate in general practice is in those aged 85–89 and the average age of elective surgical patients is increasing. Adjusting medical systems to meet the demographic imperative has been recognised by the World Health Organisation to be the next global healthcare priority and is a key feature of discussions on policy, health services structures, workforce reconfiguration and frontline care delivery.
[download-attachments container="div" style="list" display_icon="1" display_count="1" display__size="0"]
References
- http://www.who.int/ageing/about/facts/en/ [accessed 8th May 2016].
- Imison C, Poteliakhoff E, Thompson J. Older people and emergency bed use: exploring variation. London: The King’s Fund, 2012.
- Hippisley-Cox J, Vinogradova Y. Trends in consultation rates in general practice 1995 to 2008: analysis of the QResearch® database. Final report to the NHS Information Centre and Department of Health. Leeds: the NHS Information Centre for health and social care, 2009.
- Partridge JSL, Harari D, Dhesi JK. Frailty in the older surgical patient: a review. Age Ageing 2012;41:142–47.
- Suzman R, Beard JR, Boerma T, et al. Health in an ageing world – what do we know? Lancet 2014;385:484–6.
- Commission on the Future of Health and Social Care in England. A new settlement for health and social care. The final report of the independent Commission on the Future of Health and Social Care in England. London: The King’s Fund, 2014.
- NHS England, Care Quality Commission, Health Education England, Monitor, Public Health England, Trust Development Authority. NHS Five Year Forward View. London: NHS England, 2014.
- Future Hospital Commission. Future hospital: caring for medical patients. A report from the Future Hospital Commission to the Royal College of Physicians. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2013.
- Oliver D, Foot C, Humphries R. Making our health and care systems fit for an ageing population. London: The King’s Fund, 2014.
- Xue Q-L. The frailty syndrome: definition and natural history. Clin Geriatr Med 2011;27:1–15.
- Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S et al. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 2013;381:752–62.
- Wyrko Z. Frailty at the front door. Clin Med 2015;15:377–81.
- http://www.nrls.nhs.uk/resources/collections/quarterly-datasummaries/ [accessed 28th April 2016].
- https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/falls-workstream-nationalaudit-inpatient-falls [accessed 8th May 2016].
- https://www.safetythermometer.nhs.uk/ [accessed 8th May 2016].
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Falls in older people: assessing risk and prevention. NICE guideline (CG161). London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2013.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pressure ulcers: prevention and management. NICE guideline (CG179). London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2014.
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management. NICE guideline (CG103). London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2010.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Medicines optimisation: the safe and effective use of medicines to enable the best possible outcomes. NICE guideline (NG5). London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2015.
- Gladman JRF, Conroy SP, Ranhoff AH, et al. New horizons in the implementation and research of comprehensive geriatric assessment: knowing, doing and the ‘know-do’ gap. Age Ageing 2016;45:194–200.
- Densen P. Challenges and opportunities facing medical education. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2011;122:48-58.
- The Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry. Report of the Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry. London: The Stationery Office, 2013.
- Welsh T, Gladman J, Gordon AL. The treatment of hypertension in people with dementia: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Geriatrics 2014;14:19.
- Catchpole K, Russ S. The problem with checklists. BMJ Qual Saf 2015;24:545-549.
- Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2725–32.
- Pronovost PJ, Goeschel CA, Colantuoni E, et al. Sustaining reductions in catheter related bloodstream infections in Michigan intensive care units: observational study. BMJ 2010;340:c309.
- Haynes, AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR, et al. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med 2009;360:491–9.
- The Institute for Healthcare Improvement. The Breakthrough Series: IHI’s Collaborative Model for Achieving Breakthrough Improvement. IHI Innovation Series white paper. Boston: Institute for Healthcare Improvement; 2003.
- www.frailsafe.org.uk [accessed 9th May 2016].
- http://www.uchd.org.uk [accessed 28th April 2016].
Request Permissions
To request copyright permission to republish or share portions of our works, please visit Copyright Clearance Center’s (CCC) Marketplace website by clicking the button below:
