The aim of this scoping review is to identify patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in acute care settings, assess their psychometric properties and provide recommendations for their use in daily practice. We performed a search in the PubMed database to identify publications concerning PROMs in an acute care setting. The COSMIN checklist was used to assess the psychometric properties of the reported PROMs. We found 1407 publications and included 14 articles, describing 15 measures. Most publications provided limited information on psychometric properties. Three generic PROMs were deemed of adequate quality for use in acute care. We recommend future development and evaluation of PROMs focussing on acute care to further evaluate and improve the quality of acute care.

References

1. Institute of Medicine. Crossing the Quality Chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. National Academies Press. 2001.
2. Kingsley CMBF, Patel SMBF. Patient-reported outcome measures and patient-reported experience measures. BJA Education 2017;17(4): 137–44.
3. Weldring T, Smith SMS. Article Commentary: Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Health Services Insights 2013; 6: HSI.S11093.
4. Yost KJ, Eton DT, Garcia SF, et al. Minimally important differences were estimated for six PROMIS-Cancer scales in advanced-stage cancer patients 2011; 507–16.
5. Montan I, Löwe B, Cella D, et al. General Population Norms for the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)- Fatigue Scale. Value in Health 2018; 21(11): 1313–21.
6. Steenaard RV, Kremers MNT, Michon LA, et al. Patient and Partner Perspectives on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4(5): bvaa040.
7. Gerolamo AM, Jutel A, Kovalsky D, Gentsch A, et al. PatientIdentified Needs Related to Seeking a Diagnosis in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2018; 72(3): 282–8.
8. Pronovost PJ, Nolan T, Zeger S, et al. How can clinicians measure safety and quality in acute care? 2004; 1061–7.
9. Mokkink LB, de Vet HCW, Prinsen CAC, et al. COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Qual Life Res 2018; 27(5): 1171–9.
10. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, et al. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews 2016; 5(1): 210.
11. Evensen CT, Treadwell MJ, Keller S, et al. Quality of care in sickle cell disease: Cross-sectional study and development of a measure for adults reporting on ambulatory and emergency department care. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95(35): e4528.
12. Tsai CL, Hodder RV, Page JH, et al. The short-form chronic respiratory disease questionnaire was a valid, reliable, and responsive quality-of-life instrument in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61(5): 489–97.
13. Hyphantis T, Kroenke K, Papatheodorou E, et al. Validity of the Greek version of the PHQ 15-item Somatic Symptom Severity Scale in patients with chronic medical conditions and correlations with emergency department use and illness perceptions. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55(8): 1950–9.
14. Tsounis D, Ioannidis A, Bouras G, et al. Assessment of healthrelated quality of life in a greek symptomatic population with atrial fibrillation: correlation with functional status and echocardiographic indices. Hellenic J Cardiol 2014; 55(6): 475–85.
15. Saracino A, Weiland T, Dent A, et al. Validation of a verbal dyspnoea rating scale in the emergency department. Emerg Med Australas 2008; 20(6): 475–81.
16. Juniper EF, Svensson K, Mörk AC, et al. Measuring health-related quality of life in adults during an acute asthma exacerbation. Chest 2004; 125(1): 93–7.
17. Gallagher EJ, Bijur PE, Latimer C, et al. Reliability and validity of a visual analog scale for acute abdominal pain in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20(4): 287–90.
18. Aliprandi A, Frigerio R, Santoro P, et al. MIDAS questionnaire in the emergency setting. Neurol Sci 2004; 25(3): S274-5.
19. Cloutier RL, Fuller BE, Hendrickson RG, et al. Measuring nausea in emergency department patients via the use of exploratory factor analysis. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17(6): e33–9.
20. Rising KL, LaNoue MD, Gerolamo AM, et al. Patient Uncertainty as a Predictor of 30-day Return Emergency Department Visits: An Observational Study. Acad Emerg Med 2019; 26(5): 501–9.
21. Vaillancourt S, Cullen JD, Dainty KN, et al. PROM-ED: Development and Testing of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Emergency Department Patients Who Are Discharged Home. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 76(2): 219–29.
22. Friedman BW, Dym AA, Davitt M, et al. Naproxen With Cyclobenzaprine, Oxycodone/Acetaminophen, or Placebo for Treating Acute Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama 2015; 314(15): 1572–80.
23. Boyer L, Baumstarck K, Iordanova T, et al. A poverty-related quality of life questionnaire can help to detect health inequalities in emergency departments. J Clin Epidemiol 2014; 67(3): 285–95.
24. Parshall MB, Welsh JD, Brockopp DY, et al. Reliability and validity of dyspnea sensory quality descriptors in heart failure patients treated in an emergency department. Heart Lung 2001; 30(1): 57–65.
25. Guyatt GH, Townsend M, Berman LB, et al. A comparison of Likert and visual analogue scales for measuring change in function. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40(12): 1129–33.
26. Hasson D, Arnetz B. Validation and Findings Comparing VAS vs. Likert Scales for Psychosocial Measurements 2005; 178.
27. Porter ME. What is value in health care? N Engl J Med 2010; 363(26): 2477–81.
28. Faessler L, Brodbeck J, Schuetz P, et al. Medical patients’ affective well-being after emergency department admission: The role of personal and social resources and health-related variables. PloS one 2019; 14(3): e0212900.
29. Velikova G, Booth L, Smith AB, et al. Measuring quality of life in routine oncology practice improves communication and patient wellbeing: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22(4): 714–24.
30. Marshall S, Haywood K, Fitzpatrick R. Impact of patient-reported outcome measures on routine practice: a structured review. J Eval Clin Pract 2006; 12(5): 559–68.
31. Aiyegbusi OL, Kyte D, Cockwell P, et al. Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in adult patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. PloS one 2017; 12(6): e0179733.
32. Elbers RG, Rietberg MB, van Wegen EE, et al. Self-report fatigue questionnaires in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and stroke: a systematic review of measurement properties. Qual Life Res 2012; 21(6): 925–44.
33. Green A, Liles C, Rushton A, et al. Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: a systematic review. Man Ther 2014; 19(6): 517–26.
34. Janssens A, Rogers M, Gumm R, et al. Measurement properties of multidimensional patient-reported outcome measures in neurodisability: a systematic review of evaluation studies. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58(5): 437–51.
35. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use (5th edition). Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 40(3): 294–5.
36. Chiarotto A, Ostelo RW, Boers M, et al. A systematic review highlights the need to investigate the content validity of patientreported outcome measures for physical functioning in patients with low back pain. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 95: 73–93.
37. Lloyd M, Callander E, Karahalios A, et al. Patient-reported outcome measures in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review of application and content validity. BMJ Open Respir Res 2019; 6(1): e000398.
38. Powell PA, Carlton J, Woods HB, et al. Measuring quality of life in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a systematic review of the content and structural validity of commonly used instruments. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18(1): 263.
39. Skogestad IJ, Kirkevold M, Indredavik B, et al. Lack of content overlap and essential dimensions - A review of measures used for post-stroke fatigue. J Psychosom Res 2019; 124: 109759.
40. Galen LS, der Schors W, Damen NL, et al. Measurement of generic patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in an acute admission unit: A feasibility study. Acute Med 2016; 15(1): 13–9.
41. Kremers MNT, Zaalberg T, van den Ende ES, et al. Patient’s perspective on improving the quality of acute medical care: determining patient reported outcomes. BMJ Open Quality 2019; 8(3): e000736.
42. Kremers MNT, Mols, E.M., et al. Quality of Acute Care: A Patient-Centred Approach Validation and usage of the PRM-acute care in the Netherlands. PloS one 2020; Submitted.
43. Kroenke K, Arrington ME, Mangelsdorff AD. The prevalence of symptoms in medical outpatients and the adequacy of therapy. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150(8): 1685–9.
44. Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Dowson AJ, et al. Development and testing of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire to assess headache-related disability. Neurology 2001; 56(6 Suppl 1): S20–8.